Mythology 1: Greek (PRIMORDIAL DEITIES the first three)

Greek Mythology

- In  Greek  and  Roman mythology , the  primordial deities  are the first generation of  gods  and  goddesses . These deities represented the fundamental forces and physical foundations of the world and were generally not actively worshipped, as they, for the most part, were not given human characteristics; they were instead personifications of places or ABSTRACT CONCEPTS.   

Nº1. CHAOS.

- In  Hesiod's  Theogony, Chaos was the first thing to exist: "at first Chaos came to be" (or was),  but next (possibly out of Chaos) came  Gaia ,  Tartarus , and  Eros  (elsewhere the name Eros  is used for a son of Aphrodite with Ares ). Unambiguously "born" from Chaos were  Erebus  and  Nyx .For Hesiod, Chaos, like Tartarus, though personified enough to have born children, was also a place, far away, underground and "gloomy", beyond which lived the Titans; and, like the earth, the ocean, and the upper air, it was also capable of being affected by Zeus's thunderbolts       

Nº2. GAIA.

-The Greeks invoked Gaia in their oaths, and she should be aware if one broke his oath. In the HOMERIC poems she appears usually in forms of oath. In Iliad the sacrifice of a black lamb is offered to Gaia and she is invoked in the formula of an oath. Homer considers her a distinct physical existence not clearly conceived in anthropomorphic form. Gaia does not appear to have any personal activity. In Iliad Alpheia beats with her hands the bountiful ("polyphorbos") earth, but she calls  Hades  and  Persephone  to avenge her against her son In the poems of Hesiod she is personified. Gaia has a significant role in the evolution of the world. She is the nurse of Zeus, and she has the epithet "Kourotrophos".  Kourotrophos was the name of an old goddess who was subordinate to Ge. Dieterich  believed that  Kourotrophos  and  Potnia Theron  construct precisely the mother goddess. Ge is also personified in the myths of  Erichthonimus and Pluto.  Erichthonius is early mentioned in the  Catalog of ships . He is born by the Homeric earth which produces fruits and cereals (zeidoros arura ). The name of Erichthonius includes Chthon which is not the underground kingdom of the dead, but the Homeric earth

Nº3. TARTARUS.

In Greek Mythology, Tartarus is the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked, the souls are judged after death and where the wicked received divine punishment. Tartarus appears in early Greek cosmology, such as in Hesiod's Theogony, where the personified Tartarus is described as one of the earliest beings to exist, alongside Chaos and Gaia (Earth).